Circassian$502880$ - определение. Что такое Circassian$502880$
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Что (кто) такое Circassian$502880$ - определение

INVASION AND ANNEXATION OF CIRCASSIA BY THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (1763-1864)
Russian-Circassian War; Russian–Circassian War; Russo–Circassian War
  • Circassians besiege the Russian fortress, March 22, 1840
  • Grigory Zass
  • Circassian guerillas
  • Muhammad Amin
  • Presidents of the Circassian Confederation
  • Gerandiqo Berzeg
  • Russian army lands in Subashi
  • Circassian patrol
  • Russian military camp in the Caucasus
  • Cossack patrol on the Kuban line
  • Delegation of Circassian tribes to Emperor Alexander II in 1861
  • Announcement of the end of the war by Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich

Proto-Circassian language         
  • The major differences in the Circassian dialects
RECONSTRUCTED ANCESTOR OF THE CIRCASSIAN LANGUAGES
Proto-Adyghe-Kabardian; Proto-Circassian
Proto-Circassian (or Proto-Adyghe–Kabardian) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Adyghean and Kabardian languages.
Circassian beauty         
  • Bella Kukan, "Miss Circassia", 2013
  • A poster from 1843 advertising hair dye using the Circassian beauty stereotype. Each bottle sold for $1, equivalent to about $40 in 2022.
  • Circassian woman, date unknown
  • ''Inspection of New Arrivals'', painted by [[Giulio Rosati]] (1858–1917).
STEREOTYPICAL BELIEF
Circassian beauties
Circassian beauty or Adyghe beauty is a stereotype and a belief referring to the women of the Circassian people. A fairly extensive literary history suggests that Circassian women were thought to be unusually beautiful and attractive, spirited, smart and elegant, and as such were desirable (although most Circassians refuse to marry non-Circassians, a requirement of Adyghe Xabze).
Russian Black Sea Coast         
  • The Circassian Coast
Circassian Coast; Circassian coast
Russian Black Sea Coast () formerly known before the Circassian genocide as Circassian coast (; ) is the coast of historical Circassia on the Black Sea, extending from Anapa in the North to Adler in the south, and including cities like Tuapse and Sochi.

Википедия

Russo-Circassian War

The Russo-Circassian War (Adyghe: Урыс-адыгэ зауэ, romanized: Wurıs-adığə zawə; Russian: Русско-черкесская война; 1763–1864; also known as the Russian invasion of Circassia) was the invasion of Circassia by Russia, starting in July 17, 1763 (O.S) with the Russian Empire assuming authority in Circassia, followed by the Circassian refusal, and ending 101 years later with the last army of Circassia defeated on 21 May 1864 (O.S), making it exhausting and casualty-heavy for both sides. The Circassians fought the Russians longer than all the other peoples of the Caucasus, and the Russo-Circassian War was the longest war both Russia and Circassia have ever fought.

During and after the war, the Russian Empire employed a genocidal strategy of systematically massacring civilians which resulted in the Circassian genocide where up to 2,000,000 Circassians (85-97% of the total population) were either killed or expelled to the Ottoman Empire (especially to modern-day Turkey; see Circassians in Turkey), creating the Circassian diaspora. While the war was initially an isolated conflict, Russian expansion through the entire region soon drew a number of other nations in the Caucasus into the conflict. As such, the war is often considered the western half of the Caucasus War.

During the war, the Russian Empire did not recognize Circassia as an independent region, and as a result, it considered Circassia Russian land which was under rebel occupation, despite the fact that the region was not and had never been under Russian control. Russian generals did not refer to the Circassians by their ethnic name, instead, they called the Circassians "mountaineers", “bandits", and "mountain scum". The war has been subjected to historical revisionism and it has also garnered controversy due to the fact that later Russian sources mostly ignored or belittled the conflict, and Russian state media and officials have gone as far as to claim that the conflict "never happened” and they have also claimed that Circassia "voluntarily joined Russia in the 16th century".